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HarmonyOS NEXT应用发布与版本管理指南：规范化发布流程

1. 版本管理基础

1.1 版本号规范

版本类型	格式	说明	示例
主版本号	X.0.0	重大更新	2.0.0
次版本号	X.Y.0	功能更新	2.1.0
修订号	X.Y.Z	问题修复	2.1.1

1.2 版本管理实现

// version.config.ts
export interface VersionInfo {
  major: number;
  minor: number;
  patch: number;
  build: number;
  timestamp: number;
}

class VersionManager {
  private static readonly VERSION_FILE = 'version.json';
  private currentVersion: VersionInfo;
  
  constructor() {
    this.loadVersion();
  }
  
  // 加载版本信息
  private async loadVersion(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      const content = await readFile(this.VERSION_FILE);
      this.currentVersion = JSON.parse(content);
    } catch (error) {
      this.currentVersion = {
        major: 1,
        minor: 0,
        patch: 0,
        build: 0,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      };
    }
  }
  
  // 更新版本号
  async updateVersion(
    type: 'major' | 'minor' | 'patch'
  ): Promise<void> {
    switch (type) {
      case 'major':
        this.currentVersion.major++;
        this.currentVersion.minor = 0;
        this.currentVersion.patch = 0;
        break;
      case 'minor':
        this.currentVersion.minor++;
        this.currentVersion.patch = 0;
        break;
      case 'patch':
        this.currentVersion.patch++;
        break;
    }
    
    this.currentVersion.build++;
    this.currentVersion.timestamp = Date.now();
    
    await this.saveVersion();
  }
  
  // 获取版本字符串
  getVersionString(): string {
    const { major, minor, patch } = this.currentVersion;
    return `${major}.${minor}.${patch}`;
  }
}

2. 发布流程管理

2.1 发布流程配置

// release.config.ts
interface ReleaseConfig {
  environment: 'development' | 'staging' | 'production';
  channels: string[];
  requiredTests: string[];
  approvers: string[];
}

class ReleaseManager {
  private config: ReleaseConfig;
  private versionManager: VersionManager;
  
  // 初始化发布配置
  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
    this.config = await this.loadConfig();
    this.versionManager = new VersionManager();
  }
  
  // 创建发布
  async createRelease(
    type: 'major' | 'minor' | 'patch'
  ): Promise<Release> {
    // 更新版本号
    await this.versionManager.updateVersion(type);
    
    // 创建发布记录
    const release = {
      version: this.versionManager.getVersionString(),
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      changes: await this.getChangeLog(),
      status: 'pending'
    };
    
    // 启动发布流程
    await this.startReleaseProcess(release);
    
    return release;
  }
  
  // 发布流程
  private async startReleaseProcess(
    release: Release
  ): Promise<void> {
    // 运行测试
    await this.runRequiredTests();
    
    // 获取审批
    await this.getApprovals();
    
    // 准备发布包
    await this.prepareReleasePackage();
    
    // 发布到渠道
    await this.deployToChannels();
  }
}

2.2 变更日志管理

class ChangelogManager {
  private static readonly CHANGELOG_FILE = 'CHANGELOG.md';
  
  // 添加变更记录
  static async addEntry(
    version: string,
    changes: Change[]
  ): Promise<void> {
    const entry = this.formatEntry(version, changes);
    await this.prependToChangelog(entry);
  }
  
  // 格式化变更记录
  private static formatEntry(
    version: string,
    changes: Change[]
  ): string {
    const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
    let entry = `\n## [${version}] - ${timestamp}\n\n`;
    
    // 按类型分组变更
    const grouped = this.groupChanges(changes);
    
    for (const [type, items] of Object.entries(grouped)) {
      entry += `### ${type}\n`;
      items.forEach(item => {
        entry += `- ${item.description}\n`;
      });
      entry += '\n';
    }
    
    return entry;
  }
  
  // 分组变更
  private static groupChanges(
    changes: Change[]
  ): Record<string, Change[]> {
    return changes.reduce((groups, change) => {
      const { type } = change;
      if (!groups[type]) {
        groups[type] = [];
      }
      groups[type].push(change);
      return groups;
    }, {});
  }
}

3. 应用打包配置

3.1 打包配置管理

// build.config.ts
interface BuildConfig {
  appId: string;
  version: string;
  environment: string;
  optimization: {
    minify: boolean;
    sourceMap: boolean;
  };
  signing: {
    keystore: string;
    alias: string;
    password: string;
  };
}

class BuildManager {
  private config: BuildConfig;
  
  // 初始化构建配置
  async initialize(env: string): Promise<void> {
    this.config = await this.loadBuildConfig(env);
  }
  
  // 构建应用
  async buildApp(): Promise<BuildResult> {
    try {
      // 准备构建环境
      await this.prepareBuildEnvironment();
      
      // 执行构建
      const result = await this.executeBuild();
      
      // 签名应用包
      await this.signPackage(result.packagePath);
      
      // 验证构建结果
      await this.validateBuild(result);
      
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Build failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
  
  // 签名应用包
  private async signPackage(
    packagePath: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    const { signing } = this.config;
    // 实现签名逻辑
  }
}

3.2 资源优化

class ResourceOptimizer {
  // 优化图片资源
  static async optimizeImages(
    directory: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    const images = await this.findImages(directory);
    
    for (const image of images) {
      await this.compressImage(image);
    }
  }
  
  // 优化代码
  static async optimizeCode(
    directory: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    // 代码压缩
    await this.minifyCode(directory);
    
    // 删除未使用的代码
    await this.removeUnusedCode(directory);
    
    // 优化导入
    await this.optimizeImports(directory);
  }
  
  // 生成资源映射
  static async generateResourceMap(
    directory: string
  ): Promise<ResourceMap> {
    // 实现资源映射生成逻辑
    return {};
  }
}

4. 持续集成与部署

4.1 CI/CD配置

# pipeline.yml
name: Release Pipeline

stages:
  - name: Build
    steps:
      - name: Setup Environment
        script: |
          npm install
          npm run build
      
      - name: Run Tests
        script: |
          npm run test
          npm run e2e
      
      - name: Build Package
        script: |
          npm run build:prod
  
  - name: Deploy
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to Staging
        script: |
          npm run deploy:staging
      
      - name: Run Integration Tests
        script: |
          npm run test:integration
      
      - name: Deploy to Production
        script: |
          npm run deploy:prod

4.2 自动化部署

class DeploymentManager {
  private config: DeploymentConfig;
  
  // 部署应用
  async deploy(
    environment: string,
    version: string
  ): Promise<DeploymentResult> {
    try {
      // 验证部署环境
      await this.validateEnvironment(environment);
      
      // 准备部署包
      const package = await this.prepareDeployment(version);
      
      // 执行部署
      await this.executeDeployment(package, environment);
      
      // 验证部署
      await this.validateDeployment(environment);
      
      return {
        success: true,
        environment,
        version,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      };
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Deployment failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
  
  // 回滚部署
  async rollback(
    environment: string,
    version: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    // 实现回滚逻辑
  }
}

5. 应用更新机制

5.1 更新检查服务

class UpdateService {
  private static readonly UPDATE_CHECK_INTERVAL = 3600000; // 1小时
  
  // 检查更新
  async checkForUpdates(): Promise<UpdateInfo | null> {
    try {
      const currentVersion = await this.getCurrentVersion();
      const latestVersion = await this.getLatestVersion();
      
      if (this.shouldUpdate(currentVersion, latestVersion)) {
        return {
          version: latestVersion.version,
          size: latestVersion.size,
          changes: latestVersion.changes,
          mandatory: latestVersion.mandatory
        };
      }
      
      return null;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Update check failed:', error);
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  // 下载更新
  async downloadUpdate(
    version: string
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      // 下载更新包
      const package = await this.downloadPackage(version);
      
      // 验证包完整性
      if (!await this.verifyPackage(package)) {
        throw new Error('Package verification failed');
      }
      
      // 准备安装
      await this.prepareInstallation(package);
      
      return true;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Update download failed:', error);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

5.2 增量更新实现

class IncrementalUpdateManager {
  // 生成增量更新包
  static async generatePatch(
    oldVersion: string,
    newVersion: string
  ): Promise<PatchInfo> {
    // 获取版本差异
    const diff = await this.calculateDiff(
      oldVersion,
      newVersion
    );
    
    // 生成补丁包
    const patch = await this.createPatch(diff);
    
    // 验证补丁
    await this.verifyPatch(patch, oldVersion, newVersion);
    
    return {
      version: newVersion,
      patchSize: patch.size,
      compatibility: [oldVersion],
      hash: patch.hash
    };
  }
  
  // 应用增量更新
  static async applyPatch(
    currentVersion: string,
    patch: PatchInfo
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      // 验证兼容性
      if (!patch.compatibility.includes(currentVersion)) {
        throw new Error('Incompatible patch');
      }
      
      // 应用补丁
      await this.applyPatchFile(patch);
      
      // 验证更新结果
      await this.verifyUpdate(patch.version);
      
      return true;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Patch application failed:', error);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

5.3 最佳实践建议

1. 版本管理

   • 遵循语义化版本
   • 维护详细的变更日志
   • 实现版本控制策略

2. 发布流程

   • 规范化发布流程
   • 实现自动化构建
   • 确保质量控制

3. 应用打包

   • 优化构建配置
   • 实现资源优化
   • 确保包签名安全

4. 持续集成

   • 配置自动化流程
   • 实现自动化测试
   • 保证部署可靠性

5. 更新机制

   • 实现增量更新
   • 确保更新安全
   • 提供回滚机制

通过建立规范的版本管理和发布流程，可以确保应用发布的质量和效率。在实际开发中，要根据项目需求选择合适的版本管理策略，并持续优化发布流程。