flutter_exit_app 三方库鸿蒙适配之旅:从零到一的深度实践

2025-04-20 12:47:01
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flutter_exit_app 三方库鸿蒙适配之旅:从零到一的深度实践

在数字化浪潮的推动下,跨平台开发框架如 Flutter 凭借其高效、便捷的特性,成为了开发者们的宠儿。而鸿蒙系统的崛起,更是为跨平台开发注入了新的活力。为了助力开发者在鸿蒙生态中快速实现 flutter_exit_app 退出应用程序功能,本文将深入浅出地为大家解析如何适配 flutter_exit_app 三方库至鸿蒙平台。

一、适配鸿蒙版 flutter_exit_app 三方库

(一)版本选择与仓库简介

我们先去 pub 上查看最新版本,发现目前 pub 上最新是 1.1.4,我们选择以 1.1.4 版本为基础进行适配。flutter_exit_app 是一个用于在 Flutter 应用中退出应用程序功能的插件,其 GitHub 仓库为 https://github.com/xang555/flutter_exit_app ,我们的目标是将这个插件适配到鸿蒙平台。

(二)引入背景与使用场景

在 OpenHarmony 北向生态的发展过程中,许多已经适配了 Flutter 的厂商在接入 OpenHarmony 时,都希望能够继续使用 FlutterToast 来实现通知功能。因此,我们提供了这个适配方案,采用插件化的适配器模式,帮助生态伙伴快速实现产品化。

本方案适用于已经支持 Flutter 框架的设备在移植到 OpenHarmony 系统过程中,作为一个备选方案。

(三)使用文档与插件库使用

适配 OpenHarmony 平台的详细使用指导可以参考:Flutter使用指导文档

在项目中使用该插件库时,只需在 pubspec.yaml 文件的 dependencies 中新增如下配置:

dependencies:
  flutter_exit_app:
    git:
      url: "https://gitcode.com/nutpi/flutter_exit_app.git"
      path: ""

然后在项目根目录运行 flutter pub get,即可完成依赖添加

接下来是具体的适配过程。

二、适配过程详解

(一)准备工作

确保已经配置好了 Flutter 开发环境,具体可参考 Flutter 配置指南。同时,从 官方插件库 下载待适配的三方插件。本指导书, 以适配 fflutter_exit_app 为例

image-20250417200546042

(二)插件目录结构

下载并解压插件后,我们会看到以下目录结构:

  • lib :对接 Dart 端代码的入口,由此文件接收到参数后,通过 channel 将数据发送到原生端。
  • android :安卓端代码实现目录。
  • ios :iOS 原生端实现目录。
  • example :一个依赖于该插件的 Flutter 应用程序,用于说明如何使用它。
  • README.md :介绍包的文件。
  • CHANGELOG.md :记录每个版本中的更改。
  • LICENSE :包含软件包许可条款的文件。

(三)创建插件的鸿蒙模块

在插件目录下,打开 Terminal,执行以下命令来创建一个鸿蒙平台的 Flutter 模块:

flutter create . --template=plugin --platforms=ohos

步骤:

  1. 用vscode/trae打开刚刚下载好的插件。

  2. 打开Terminal,cd到插件目录下。

  3. 执行命令flutter create . --template=plugin --platforms=ohos 创建一个ohos平台的flutter模块。

(四)在根目录下添加鸿蒙平台配置

在项目根目录的 pubspec.yaml 文件中,添加鸿蒙平台的相关配置:

name: flutter_exit_app
description: A flutter plugin provides the best way to exit the app doesn't call exit(0) in dart code.
version: 1.1.4
homepage: https://github.com/xang555/flutter_exit_app

environment:
  sdk: ">=2.14.0 <4.0.0"
  flutter: ">=2.5.0"

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter

dev_dependencies:
  flutter_test:
    sdk: flutter
  lints: ^3.0.0
  test:
  mockito:
  build_runner:

# For information on the generic Dart part of this file, see the
# following page: https://dart.dev/tools/pub/pubspec

# The following section is specific to Flutter.
flutter:
  # This section identifies this Flutter project as a plugin project.
  # The 'pluginClass' and Android 'package' identifiers should not ordinarily
  # be modified. They are used by the tooling to maintain consistency when
  # adding or updating assets for this project.
  plugin:
    platforms:
      android:
        package: com.laoitdev.lib.exit.app.flutter_exit_app
        pluginClass: FlutterExitAppPlugin
      ios:
        pluginClass: FlutterExitAppPlugin
      ohos:
        package: com.laoitdev.lib.exit.app.flutter_exit_app
        pluginClass: FlutterExitAppPlugin

  # To add assets to your plugin package, add an assets section, like this:
  # assets:
  #   - images/a_dot_burr.jpeg
  #   - images/a_dot_ham.jpeg
  #
  # For details regarding assets in packages, see
  # https://flutter.dev/assets-and-images/#from-packages
  #
  # An image asset can refer to one or more resolution-specific "variants", see
  # https://flutter.dev/assets-and-images/#resolution-aware.

  # To add custom fonts to your plugin package, add a fonts section here,
  # in this "flutter" section. Each entry in this list should have a
  # "family" key with the font family name, and a "fonts" key with a
  # list giving the asset and other descriptors for the font. For
  # example:
  # fonts:
  #   - family: Schyler
  #     fonts:
  #       - asset: fonts/Schyler-Regular.ttf
  #       - asset: fonts/Schyler-Italic.ttf
  #         style: italic
  #   - family: Trajan Pro
  #     fonts:
  #       - asset: fonts/TrajanPro.ttf
  #       - asset: fonts/TrajanPro_Bold.ttf
  #         weight: 700
  #
  # For details regarding fonts in packages, see
  # https://flutter.dev/custom-fonts/#from-packages

(五)编写鸿蒙插件的原生 ETS 模块

1. 创建鸿蒙插件模块

使用 DevEco Studio 打开鸿蒙项目。

2. 修改相关配置文件

ohos 目录内的 oh-package.json5 文件中添加 libs/flutter.har 依赖,并创建 .gitignore 文件,添加以下内容以忽略 libs 目录:

/node_modules
/oh_modules
/local.properties
/.preview
/.idea
/build
/libs
*.har
/.cxx
/.test
/BuildProfile.ets
/oh-package-lock.json5

oh-package.json5 文件内容如下:

{
  "name": "flutter_exit_app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "flutter plugin provides the best way to exit the app doesn't call exit(0) in dart code.",
  "main": "index.ets",
  "author": "nutpi",
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "dependencies": {
    "@ohos/flutter_ohos": "file:./har/flutter.har"
  },
  "modelVersion": "5.0.4"
}

ohos 目录下创建 index.ets 文件,导出配置:


import FlutterExitAppPlugin from './src/main/ets/components/plugin/FlutterExitAppPlugin';
export default FlutterExitAppPlugin;

3. 编写 ETS 代码

文件结构和代码逻辑可以参考安卓或 iOS 的实现,鸿蒙的 API 文档可以参考 :https://gitcode.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_packages/tree/master/packages/path_provider/path_provider_android

ohos的api可以参考:https://gitcode.com/openharmony/docs

以下是 FlutterExitAppPlugin.ets 文件的代码示例:

import {
  FlutterPlugin,
  FlutterPluginBinding,
  MethodCall,
  MethodCallHandler,
  MethodChannel,
  MethodResult,

} from '@ohos/flutter_ohos';
import { AbilityAware, AbilityPluginBinding } from '@ohos/flutter_ohos';
import {common, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
/** FlutterExitAppPlugin **/
export default class FlutterExitAppPlugin implements FlutterPlugin, MethodCallHandler , AbilityAware {
  private channel: MethodChannel | null = null;
  private static _context: Context | null = null;
  private static _uiContext: common.UIAbilityContext | null = null;
  constructor() {
  }
  static get uiContext(): common.UIAbilityContext | null {
    return FlutterExitAppPlugin._uiContext;
  }

  static get context(): common.Context | null {
    return FlutterExitAppPlugin._context;
  }

  get uiContext(): common.UIAbilityContext | null {
    return FlutterExitAppPlugin._uiContext;
  }
  getUniqueClassName(): string {
    return "FlutterExitAppPlugin"
  }

  onAttachedToAbility(binding: AbilityPluginBinding): void {
    FlutterExitAppPlugin._uiContext = binding.getAbility().context;
    // Called when the plugin is attached to an Ability.
  }

  onDetachedFromAbility(): void {
    // this._uiContext = null;
  }

  onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPluginBinding): void {
    this.channel = new MethodChannel(binding.getBinaryMessenger(), "flutter_exit_app");
    this.channel.setMethodCallHandler(this)
  }

  onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPluginBinding): void {
    if (this.channel != null) {
      this.channel.setMethodCallHandler(null)
    }
  }

  onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodResult): void {
    if (call.method == "getPlatformVersion") {
      result.success("OpenHarmony ^ ^ ")
    } else if (call.method == "com.laoitdev.exit.app") {
      console.info("hhhhhhhhhh")

      if (FlutterExitAppPlugin._uiContext) { // Add null check here
        try {
          FlutterExitAppPlugin._uiContext.terminateSelf()
            .then(() => {
              // 执行正常业务
              console.info('terminateSelf succeed');
              result.success("Done"); // Inform Flutter about success
            })
            .catch((err: BusinessError) => {
              // 处理业务逻辑错误
              console.error(`terminateSelf failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
              result.error("TERMINATE_FAILED", `terminateSelf failed: ${err.message}`, null);
            });
        } catch (err) {
          // 捕获同步的参数错误
          let code = (err as BusinessError).code;
          let message = (err as BusinessError).message;
          console.error(`terminateSelf failed, code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
          result.error("TERMINATE_ERROR", `terminateSelf error: ${message}`, null);
        }
      } else {
        console.error("UIContext is null, cannot terminate self.");
        result.error("CONTEXT_NULL", "UIContext is null", null); // Inform Flutter about the error
      }

    } else {
      result.notImplemented()
    }
  }
}

现在就可以正常使用啦。

这里我主要参考的是

4.UIAbilityContext.terminateSelf

import { UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  onForeground() {
    try {
      this.context.terminateSelf()
        .then(() => {
          // 执行正常业务
          console.info('terminateSelf succeed');
        })
        .catch((err: BusinessError) => {
          // 处理业务逻辑错误
          console.error(`terminateSelf failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
        });
    } catch (err) {
      // 捕获同步的参数错误
      let code = (err as BusinessError).code;
      let message = (err as BusinessError).message;
      console.error(`terminateSelf failed, code is ${code}, message is ${message}`);
    }
  }
}

参考:https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/doc/harmonyos-references/js-apis-inner-application-uiabilitycontext#uiabilitycontextterminateself-1

三、关于鸿蒙版Flutter的 context

这里我使用的是UIAbilityContext

UIAbilityContext

插件继承 AbilityAware 并且在 onAttachedToAbility 方法中获取。

export default class XXXPlugin implements FlutterPlugin, MethodCallHandler, AbilityAware {
  private _uiContext: common.UIAbilityContext | null = null;
 
  onAttachedToAbility(binding: AbilityPluginBinding): void {
    this.XXXPlugin = binding.getAbility().context;
  }
 
  onDetachedFromAbility(): void {
    this.XXXPlugin = null;
  }
}

uiContext 可以用于获取 applicationInfo 等属性。以及退出等操作。还有另外一种是

ApplicationContex

你可以直接从 onAttachedToEngine 方法中获取。

private context: Context | null = null;
 
  onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPluginBinding): void {
    this.context = binding.getApplicationContext();
  }

  onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPluginBinding): void {
    this.context = null;
  }

context 可以用于获取 applicationInfo 等属性。

let applicationInfo = this.context.applicationInfo;

四、编写 Example

1. 创建 Example 应用

在插件根目录下创建一个名为 example 的文件夹,用于存放示例应用。在 example 文件夹中,创建一个鸿蒙平台的 Flutter 应用,用于验证插件功能。

2. 签名与运行

使用 Deveco Studio 打开 example > ohos 目录,单击 File > Project Structure > Project > Signing Configs,勾选 Automatically generate signature,等待自动签名完成。然后运行以下命令:

flutter pub get

 flutter build hap --debug

如果应用正常启动,说明插件适配成功。如果没有,欢迎大家联系坚果派一起支持。

五、总结

通过以上步骤,我们成功地将 flutter_exit_app 三方库适配到了鸿蒙平台。这个过程涉及到了解插件的基本信息、配置开发环境、创建鸿蒙模块、编写原生代码以及测试验证等多个环节。希望这篇博客能够帮助到需要进行 flutter_exit_app 鸿蒙适配的开发者们,让大家在鸿蒙生态的开发中更加得心应手。

六、参考

七、坚果派

坚果派由坚果等人创建,团队拥有若干华为HDE,以及若干其他领域的三十余位万粉博主运营。专注于分享的技术包括HarmonyOS/OpenHarmony,ArkUI-X,元服务,服务卡片,华为自研语言,BlueOS操作系统、团队成员聚集在北京、上海、广州、深圳、南京、杭州、苏州、宁夏等地。 聚焦“鸿蒙原生应用”、“智能物联”和“AI赋能”、“人工智能”四大业务领域,依托华为开发者专家等强大的技术团队,以及涵盖需求、开发、测试、运维于一体的综合服务体系,赋能文旅、媒体、社交、家居、消费电子等行业客户,满足社区客户数字化升级转型的需求,帮助客户实现价值提升。 目前上架鸿蒙原生应用18款,三方库72个。

地址:https://atomgit.com/nutpi

https://gitcode.com/nutpi

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